GW-501516 (Cardarine / Endurobol) is a selective, high-affinity peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta δ agonist (EC50 = 1 nM) engineered for metabolic, energy homeostasis, and lipid oxidation research. By recruiting the PGC-1α coactivator complex, GW-501516 upregulates genes governing skeletal muscle fatty acid uptake and mitochondrial beta-oxidation.
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| 3 - 5 | $55.10 |
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GW-501516 (known chemically as Cardarine, Endurobol, or GSK-516) is a synthetic, high-affinity small-molecule agonist that selectively targets the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ). Originally codeveloped in the 1990s by GlaxoSmithKline and Ligand Pharmaceuticals to investigate metabolic and cardiovascular pathology, GW-501516 binds the PPARδ ligand-binding domain with sub-nanomolar affinity (EC50 = 1 nM), displaying over 1,000-fold selectivity over PPARα and PPARγ receptor subtypes.
When searching for cardarine for sale or looking to buy gw 501516 online, researchers frequently encounter misclassifications labeling Cardarine as a Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator (SARM) or under queries like cardarine peptide for sale. However, GW-501516 possesses zero androgen receptor binding affinity and contains no amino acid peptide bonds, functioning exclusively as a non-hormonal nuclear receptor transcription factor ligand.
Analytical batch-tested for high chemical purity at Modern Aminos—recognized across independent laboratories as the best place to buy cardarine—GW-501516 is supplied in three versatile laboratory formats:
Laboratories evaluating cellular substrate switching, mitochondrial oxidation, and lipid clearance utilize GW-501516 alongside related metabolic modulators on the site, such as GW-0742, SR-9009, and SLU-PP-332.
| Compound Name | GW-501516 (Cardarine / Endurobol) |
|---|---|
| Quantity / Formats Offered | 30MG/ML Aqueous Dropper (30ML) | 10MG Dry-Fill Capsules (60 Count) | 50MG/ML MCT Oil Solution (10ML) |
| Synonyms / Alt Names | Cardarine, Endurobol, GSK-516, GW-1516, GW 501516, GW 50156 |
| CAS Number | 317318-70-0 |
| Chemical Formula | C21H18F3NO3S2 |
| Molecular Weight | 453.50 g/mol |
| IUPAC Name | {2-methyl-4-[({4-methyl-2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,3-thiazol-5-yl}methyl)sulfanyl]phenoxy}acetic acid |
| InChIKey | YDBLKRPLXZNVNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES Code | CC1=C(C=CC(=C1)SCC2=C(N=C(S2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)C(F)(F)F)C)OCC(=O)O |
The biochemical pathways and cellular targets of GW-501516 in laboratory research include:
When evaluating research efficacy and published scientific literature for gw501516 for sale across reference databases:
To evaluate formulation parameters, binding affinities, and metabolic pathways, researchers compare GW-501516 against alternative formats and nuclear receptor agonists:
When selecting between available Cardarine formats at Modern Aminos, researchers match solvent matrices to specific assay requirements:
Both GW-0742 and GW-501516 (Cardarine) are highly selective PPARδ agonists. GW-0742 is a fluorinated structural analog that exhibits sub-nanomolar binding affinity (EC50 = 0.3 nM), making it slightly more potent in acute in vitro binding assays. However, GW-501516 (EC50 = 1 nM) possesses a significantly larger body of published literature documenting long-term PGC-1α coactivation, making it the preferred gold-standard reference compound for baseline metabolic profiling.
While both compounds are researched as exercise mimetics, their molecular targets are distinct:
SLU-PP-332 represents a novel class of pan-agonists targeting Estrogen-Related Receptors (ERRα, ERRβ, ERRγ). While GW-501516 targets the PPARδ pathway to stimulate fatty acid transport, SLU-PP-332 directly activates ERR nuclear receptors to drive complex oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) machinery and type IIa oxidative muscle fiber conversion. Researchers frequently compare both compounds to evaluate crosstalk between PPARδ and ERR signaling cascades.
| Compound / Reference | Primary Target Class | Core Mechanism of Action | Research Focus & Profile |
|---|---|---|---|
| GW-501516 (Cardarine) | PPARδ Selective Agonist | Recruits PGC-1α to upregulate skeletal muscle fatty acid beta-oxidation and PDK4 expression | Gold-standard research reference for PPARδ-driven lipid catabolism, endurance gene expression, and glucose sparing |
| GW-0742 | PPARδ High-Affinity Agonist | Binds PPARδ with sub-nanomolar potency (EC50 = 0.3 nM), featuring a fluorinated structural modification | Evaluates rapid PPARδ binding kinetics, acute lipid oxidation, and comparative tissue responses |
| SR-9009 (Stenabolic) | Rev-Erbα / Rev-Erbβ Agonist | Binds Rev-Erb nuclear receptors to modulate circadian metabolic gene expression and mitochondrial density | Focuses on circadian rhythm regulation, basal metabolic rate elevation, and macrophage inflammatory suppression |
| SLU-PP-332 | Pan-ERR Agonist (ERRα, ERRβ, ERRγ) | Directly activates Estrogen-Related Receptors to stimulate PGC-1α and OXPHOS respiratory complexes | Focuses on exercise transcription mimetics, type IIa oxidative muscle fiber conversion, and mitochondrial biogenesis |
Yes, Modern Aminos is widely recognized as the premier destination when laboratories seek to buy cardarine or search for cardarine buy online options. Every batch of GW-501516 undergoes strict third-party analytical testing (including HPLC and Mass Spectrometry) to verify minimum 98%+ purity, correct molecular mass (453.50 g/mol), and complete absence of unreacted synthesis precursors or heavy metals.
GW-501516 is a selective agonist of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ). It binds with high affinity (EC50 = 1 nM) to recruit PGC-1α, driving transcription of genes governing fatty acid transport (FAT/CD36) and mitochondrial beta-oxidation (CPT-1, PDK4) in skeletal muscle cell models.
Despite search terms like “cardarine sarm for sale” or “cardarine peptide for sale”, Cardarine is neither a SARM nor a peptide. It possesses zero binding affinity for androgen receptors and contains no peptide bonds. It is classified chemically as a small-molecule thiazole nuclear receptor ligand that operates strictly through PPARδ metabolic pathways.
Modern Aminos offers cardarine liquid (30MG/ML aqueous solution in a 30ML dropper bottle) for rapid volumetric dispensing into water-based cell culture media; 50MG/ML MCT oil-based solution for lipophilic membrane assays; and 10MG dry-fill solid oral capsules (60 count) for precise solid unit-mass benchtop weighing.
Upon receptor binding, GW-501516 recruits PGC-1α to increase transcription of Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1) and Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 4 (PDK4). This causes myocytes to preferentially burn fatty acids for ATP generation rather than glucose, sparing glycogen reserves.
At Modern Aminos, researchers can buy gw 501516 online with transparent pricing: 30MG/ML aqueous liquid dropper, 10MG dry-fill capsules, and 50MG/ML MCT oil solution. When evaluating where to buy cardarine or searching gw 50156 for sale, Modern Aminos provides verified COAs and fast domestic shipping.
GW-0742 is a fluorinated analog with sub-nanomolar PPARδ affinity (EC50 = 0.3 nM), whereas GW-501516 (EC50 = 1 nM) is the most widely cited reference standard. SLU-PP-332 operates through an entirely separate pathway, binding Estrogen-Related Receptors (ERRα/β/γ) to stimulate mitochondrial OXPHOS complexes.
Liquid dropper bottles, MCT oil vials, and capsule containers should be stored tightly sealed in a cool, dry environment (15°C to 25°C) away from direct sunlight, excess heat, and humidity. Stored under controlled laboratory conditions, GW-501516 maintains full chemical stability throughout its designated shelf life.
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